As of today, December 24th, 2023, two particularly noteworthy discoveries regarding new pathogens stand out:
1. Langya henipavirus:
- Discovered in China in 2023, this zoonotic virus belongs to the same family as Nipah and Hendra viruses, known for their potential severity in humans.
- It has infected a small number of people with symptoms like fever, nausea, fatigue, and cough.
- While details like its natural reservoir and transmission routes remain unclear, early research suggests possible transmission from shrews to humans.
- Further investigation is crucial to understand its threat potential and develop public health measures.
2. Mojiang orthoreovirus:
- Also identified in China, this new orthoreovirus was found in several children experiencing pneumonia-like symptoms.
- Orthoreoviruses typically cause mild respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, but this specific strain is raising concerns due to its association with severe illness in the affected children.
- Its origin and transmission path are under investigation, with researchers focusing on possible animal or environmental sources.
- Understanding its behavior and potential public health impact is crucial for future management.
These discoveries highlight the ongoing emergence of novel pathogens. While the immediate threat level of these specific viruses may not be fully established, continued surveillance and research are essential for safeguarding public health.
Additionally, research in various fields like periodontitis has revealed potential new players in disease development:
- Studies point to several bacterial species previously not associated with periodontitis, like Lancefieldella rimae and Pluralibacter gergoviae, displaying a possible role in the disease.
- Further investigation is needed to validate their involvement and understand their interactions with the known periodontal pathogens.
However, since only limited cases have been identified, their fatality rates cannot be assessed. Current treatments include symptom management, fluid and electrolyte balance / nutritional support, and respiratory support (oxygen therapy), if needed. General supportive care measures include isolation, contact tracing and public health measures.
Reference:
Langya henipavirus: Is it a potential cause for public health concern?
Langya Henipavirus, Cleveland Clinic
Bats as Viral Reservoirs, Annual Reviews
