GLP-1 RAs, short for Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, are a class of medications that mimic the natural hormone GLP-1. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar, appetite, and digestion. By mimicking its effects, GLP-1 RAs can effectively:
- Lower blood sugar levels: This makes them particularly beneficial for managing type 2 diabetes.
- Reduce appetite and promote weight loss: This led to some GLP-1 RAs being approved for treating obesity.
- Slow down gastric emptying: This can contribute to better blood sugar control and potentially decrease nausea and vomiting.
- Increase insulin production and decrease glucagon production: These actions further help regulate blood sugar levels.
There are two main types of GLP-1 RAs:
- Short-acting: These require more frequent injections (daily or even twice-daily) and have a shorter duration of action.
- Long acting: These typically require injections once or twice weekly and offer a more sustained effect on blood sugar and appetite.
GLP-1 RA Products in the US Market:
Several GLP-1 RAs are currently approved for use in the US. Here are some notable ones, categorized by their primary indication:
For Type 2 Diabetes:
- Dulaglutide (Trulicity; BLA): Once-weekly injection.
- Liraglutide (Victoza): Daily injection, also available in a once-weekly formulation (Saxenda) approved for weight management.
- Exenatide (Byetta): Twice-daily injection, also available in an extended-release formulation (Bydureon) requiring once-weekly injection.
- Semaglutide (Ozempic): Once-weekly injection.
For Obesity:
- Semaglutide (Wegovy): Once-weekly injection, higher dose than Ozempic.
- Liraglutide (Saxenda): Once-daily injection, approved for weight management but not diabetes.
Other GLP-1 RAs:
- Albiglutide: Discontinued.
- Lixisenatide (Adlyxin; BLA): Injectable, less commonly used compared to others.
- Lixsenadtide / Insulin glargine (Soliqua; BLA): Subcutaneous solution.
Remember, this is not an exhaustive list, and new GLP-1 RAs are continuously being developed and approved. For detailed information and accuracy, please check with FDA website.
